Eating Disorders
Eating disorders are severe, biologically influenced medical illnesses marked by disturbances in eating behaviors. Anorexia nervosa involves extreme food restriction, while bulimia nervosa involves recurrent episodes of overeating followed by compensatory behaviors.
Treatment plans may include psychotherapy, medical care, nutritional counseling, medications, or a combination of approaches.
Sleep Disorders
Sleep disorders affect the quality, amount, and timing of sleep. Common types include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy.
Treatments
- Lifestyle and Behavioral Changes:
- Sleep hygiene practices.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I).
- Medications:
- Prescription drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics).
- Melatonin supplements.
- Therapies:
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for sleep apnea.
- Light therapy for circadian rhythm disorders.
- Surgery:
- Surgical options for sleep apnea, addressing structural issues.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Body Dysmorphic Disorder involves an overwhelming preoccupation with perceived flaws in one’s appearance, disrupting normal daily living. Common symptoms include constantly checking oneself in the mirror, avoiding mirrors, hiding body parts, excessive grooming, comparing oneself with others, seeking reassurance, and engaging in unnecessary plastic surgeries.
Individuals with BDD may experience anxiety, depression, and thoughts of suicide.
Somatoform Disorders
Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms suggesting a physical disorder without demonstrable organic findings, strongly linked to psychological factors. Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, blackouts, gastrointestinal issues, cardiorespiratory symptoms, neurological symptoms, and pain symptoms.
Dissociative [Conversion] Disorders
Conversion disorder, or functional neurological symptom disorder, involves neurological or physical symptoms with no medical explanation, often rooted in psychological causes. Symptoms may include weakness, abnormal movement, swallowing difficulties, speech difficulties, seizures, and sensory loss.
Dissociative disorders entail involuntary escape from reality, manifesting as disruptions in memory, awareness, identity, or perception.
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