Childhood and Developmental Disorders

Navigating childhood involves addressing developmental disorders affecting physical, cognitive, or social development. Early identification and intervention are crucial for providing necessary support.

1. Intellectual Disability/Developmental Delays:
   • Involves limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
   • Early identification allows for tailored educational strategies and support services.
2. ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder):
   • Developmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
   • Managed through medication, education, therapy, or a combination of treatments.
3. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
   • Neurological and developmental disorder affecting communication, social interaction, and behavior.
   • Varied symptoms across a spectrum, with treatments including medication, behavioral, psychological, and educational interventions.
4. Nocturnal Enuresis/Bedwetting:
   • Involuntary urination at night after the age of expected bladder control.
   • Primary (since infancy) and secondary (develops later) enuresis types.
5. Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD):
   • ODD involves frequent patterns of anger, irritability, defiance, and vindictiveness.
   • Manifests during preschool years and can cause serious issues in various aspects of life.

Other Psychiatric Illness in Children

1. Depression and Anxiety Disorder:
   • Mood disorder causes persistent sadness, irritability, or hopelessness in children.
   • Symptoms include mood changes, lack of interest, low energy, negative self-talk, and changes in sleep and appetite.
2. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD):
   • Mental health problem where a child worries excessively about being apart from family members.
   • Symptoms include refusal to sleep alone, nightmares, excessive worry, physical complaints, and clinginess.